{"id":78,"date":"2021-05-30T17:31:00","date_gmt":"2021-05-30T17:31:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/class10.studyguruji.in\/index.php\/2021\/05\/30\/the-unity-of-indian-culture-humayun-kabir\/"},"modified":"2024-01-21T14:07:26","modified_gmt":"2024-01-21T14:07:26","slug":"the-unity-of-indian-culture-humayun-kabir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/class10.studyguruji.in\/?p=78","title":{"rendered":"THE UNITY OF INDIAN CULTURE \u2014 Humayun Kabir"},"content":{"rendered":"<\/p>\n

EXERCISE<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/o:p><\/p>\n

A. Work in small groups and discuss the following :<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/o:p><\/p>\n

Q.1. Have you ever found people of another community participation in your festival or Vice Versa ? Narrate your experience.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Ans .<\/span><\/b> <\/span>In India, it has been generally seen that people of all religions and faith celebrate Holi, the festival of colour which is basically of the Hindus. Friends meet with each other , fine together, the delicacies prepared on the day in the houses of Hindu families and make marry. During I\u2019d festival which is an annual festival of the Muslim community, people meet each other, greet them on the occasion and enjoy \u2018 sewaian \u2018 of different varieties and taste. This is supposed to be a delicacy specially prepared on the occasion. Similarly when Christmas comes people of all communities celebrate this festival with fervour and gaiety. The lit candles in their houses, decerate their drawing rooms with replice of Christmas tree and photography of Jeans Christ. \u2018 Happy Christmas\u2019 is a common greeting exchanged between friends, well wishers and relatives.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/o:p><\/p>\n

B.1.1. Write \u2018 T \u2018 for and \u2018 F\u2019 for false statements :<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/o:p><\/p>\n

1. The \u2018 Greek \u2018 invaders were followed by \u2018 Sakkas \u2018 and \u2018 Huns \u2018. [T] <\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

2. The vitality of Indian culture is amazing. [T] <\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

3. The ancient world threw up Fine flowers of civilization in many lands. [T] <\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

4. The old civilization and culture have grown up and changed only in Japan. [ F] <\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

5. The Aryans were regarded as the earliest in invaders of the land. [ T] <\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/o:p><\/p>\n

6. Give the opposites of the following words :<\/span><\/b><\/o:p><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

1. Modern            <\/span>Old<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

2. Coquer             <\/span>defeat<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

3. Unity                <\/span>diversity<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

4. Possible           <\/span> Impossible<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

5. Dead                <\/span> alive<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/o:p><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/o:p><\/p>\n

B.1.2. Answer the following questions briefly :<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/o:p><\/p>\n

Q.1. Who has delivered the speech \u2018 The Unity of Indian Culture ?<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Ans .<\/span><\/b> <\/span>Mr. Humayun Kabir, a well known essayist and renowned political thinker delivered ,the speech on The Unity of Indian Culture\u2019.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/o:p><\/p>\n

Q.2. How were the Aryans recently till recently ?<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Ans .<\/span><\/b> <\/span>The Aryans were regarded till recently as the earliest invaders this land.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/o:p><\/p>\n

Q.3. How did the pre Aryans build up a new civilization ?<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Ans .<\/span><\/b> <\/span>Modern researches have proved that there were invaders even before the Aryans come to this land. These pre Aryans had displaced still earlier people and built up new civilization.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/o:p><\/p>\n

Q.4. What according to Author is the most remarkable of Indian culture ?<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Ans .<\/span><\/b> <\/span>The underlying unity amongst the people of this land is one of the most remarkable features of Indian culture.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/o:p><\/p>\n

Q.5. Were have old civilization and culture grown and changed ?<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Ans .<\/span><\/b> <\/span>The ancient world threw up Fine flowers of civilization in many lands. It is surviving only in Indian and China. It is only India and to some extent China that the old civilization and culture have grown or changed but not at the cost of an underlying Unity.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/o:p><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/o:p><\/p>\n

B.2.1. Answer the following questions briefly :<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Q1. What has been the policy of the Indian in all spheres of life.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Ans .<\/span><\/b> <\/span>Policy of the main, characteristics of Indian history throughout the ages. Live and let live\u2019 has been the Policy of the Indian in all spheres of life.<\/o:p><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/o:p><\/p>\n

Q.2. What is preferable to fanatic devotion ?<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Ans .<\/span><\/b> <\/span>Toleration is the key note of Indian life. This has led to suffering at times but has been maintained through endurance. Such tolerance is preferable to the fanatic devotion which lead to the denial of all other values over its own.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/o:p><\/p>\n

Q.3. Which spirit underlines the changes of Indian history?<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Ans .<\/span><\/b> <\/span>A remarkable features of the unity of spirit has been found in the Indian culture throughout the ages. A sense of Indianness has imposed his unity amongst all diversity . This has woven into one fabric of national life apart from different texture, colour and the quality and characteristics of individual social setup.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/o:p><\/p>\n

Q.4. How does Humayun Kabir define culture ?<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Ans .<\/span><\/b> <\/span>As per Humayun Kabir culture is the essence of civilization. Culture expresses itself through language and art, through philosophy and religion, through social habits and customs and through political in stitution and economic organizations.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/o:p><\/p>\n

Q.5. How does Humayun Kabir define civilization ?<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Ans .<\/span><\/b> <\/span>Civilization is the organization of society which creates the Condition of culture. There in European countries the difference in quality between the masses and Classes is at times very great. It has shaken the faith of the faith of the followers of democracy.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/o:p><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/o:p><\/p>\n

B.2.2. Match the words given in Column \u2018A\u2019 with the their meaning given in Column \u2018B\u2019.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

         <\/span>A                        <\/span>        <\/span> <\/span>B<\/o:p><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

1. Countrary (b)          <\/span>(a) good quality(2)<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

2. Virtue (a)                <\/span> (b) opposite (1)<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

3. Single (e).               <\/span>(c) Part (4)<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

4. Section (c)              <\/span>(d)development (5)<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

5. Growth (d)              <\/span> (e) alone (3)<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/o:p><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/o:p><\/p>\n

C.1. Long Answer Questions :<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/o:p><\/p>\n

Q.1. What in your opinion are the characteristic features of Indian culture ?<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Ans .<\/span><\/b> <\/span>The characteristic features of Indian culture are :<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

(a) Spirit of underlying unity.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

(b) Sense of Indianness.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

(c) Unity in diversity.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

(d) Social readjustment as and when necessary .<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

(e) Tolerance. \u201d Live and let live\u201d.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/o:p><\/p>\n

Q.2. How is Indian culture different from the cultures of other countries ?<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Ans .<\/span><\/b> <\/span>The Indian culture as it is seen today has taken shape from many derivation and many sources coming through ages. But all this sources have added to its unity of spirit. It is only in India and to some extent in china that the old civilization and culture have grown and changed but never grown at the expense of an underlying unity. What specially distinguishes the culture of India is unbroken continuity. There has been no violent or sudden breaks and the extension of culture has slowly passed through every class and section of society.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/o:p><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/o:p><\/p>\n

Q.3. Explain clearly the different between culture and civilization ?<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Ans .<\/span><\/b> <\/span>Culture is the expression of civil society and exposes itself through language and art, through philosophy and religion, through social habits and customs and through political institutions and economic organizations. Collectively they constitute the expression of life which we describe as culture. Civilization is the organizations of society which creates the Condition of culture. There can be no culture without civilization but there may be civilization which have not yet developed their culture.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/o:p><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/o:p><\/p>\n

Q.4. What is the capacity of adjustment exhibited in the Indian society ? Is is the strength or the weakness of Indian society ?<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Ans .<\/span><\/b> <\/span>The ancient had thrown fine flowers of civilization in many lands. They all are dead except in India and China. It is only in India and to some extent in china the old flower of civilization has grown, taken shape and changed but not at the expense of underlying unity. This has been possible through the capacity of adjustment in the Indian society. And this is the strength of Indian society. This uniformity in diversity is the strength of our social system and culture.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/o:p><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/o:p><\/p>\n

Q.5. Discuss the main ideas contained in the text.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Ans .<\/span><\/b> <\/span>The main idea contained in the text are :<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

1. The Aryans were not the first invaders of the land. There were invaders even before the. Aryans came and they had evolved a civilization which was higher than the Aryans.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

2. The underlying unity is the most remarkable features of Indian culture. In spite of a thousand changes taking place, it has survived to the modem day.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

3. Sense of Indianness and unity in all diversities has established the fabric of national life.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

4. \u201d Live and let live \u201d has been the Policy of all Speers of life.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

5. Toleration is the key note of our national character.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/o:p><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/o:p><\/p>\n

C.2. Discuss the following in groups and pairs :<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/o:p><\/p>\n

Q.1. Is the capacity of readjustment on wave in the contemporary society ?<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Ans \u2013<\/span><\/b> <\/span>Points : <\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

1. Flexibility is the key factor of Indian society. The Indian society easily adopts the new ideas coming from different sources but at the same time tries to preserve its old values.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

2. India is advancing towards new world. The new world. The new technology is sharply overtaking our day today life but our festivals are celebrated through same passion and fervour as earlier.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

3. The Indian society is festly adopting scientific method of cultivation to grow more from the builds of feed the growing population but at the same time we want to put a check on the fast growth child birth beyond a limit.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

4. The Ganga is regarded as the scared river of India.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

It is supposed to be the culture life line of our century.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

We worship Ganga but at the same time are concerned about the pollution of the sacred water of this land.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/o:p><\/p>\n

Q.2. \u201d Live and let others live \u201c.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Ans . <\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

1. This is the theory of co- existence. We want to alive but not at the cost of others. This is seer selfisness in which our country has no faith.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

2. Human race is one and the humanity should guide all the human being on this earth.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

3. God is the creatr of all men and women and all living bodies of the universe. They all are useful for us hence we have to alive with all.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/o:p><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/o:p><\/p>\n

D. Words Study :<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/o:p><\/p>\n

D.1. Correct the spelling of the following words :<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Incorrect             <\/span>Correct<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

1. Infuson             <\/span> Infusion<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

2. Altitude            <\/span>Attitude<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

3. Fervant             <\/span>Fervent<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

4. Excception       <\/span>Exception<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

5. Consept            <\/span>Concept<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

6. Voilent             <\/span> Violent<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

7. Lenght             <\/span>Length<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

8. Taksture           <\/span> Texture<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

9. Socity               <\/span>Society<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/o:p><\/p>\n

D.2. Make ten words using the suffix \u2018 ion \u2018 like.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

1. Tolerate           <\/span>Toleration<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

2. Civilise            <\/span>Civilization<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

3. Infuse               <\/span>Infusion<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

4. Persecute         <\/span>Persecution<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

5. Organise          <\/span>Organisation<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

6. Forest               <\/span>Afforestation<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

7. Conserve          <\/span>Conservation<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

8. Deviate            <\/span>Deviation<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

9. Devote             <\/span>Devotion<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

10. Vaccine          <\/span>Vaccination<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/o:p><\/p>\n

D.2. Fill the blanks with the words given below :<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Followed, amazing, civilization, remarkable, efflorescence blend.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

1. The pre-Aryans built up a new civilization<\/span><\/u>.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

2. The Greek invaders were followed by sakes.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

3. We find a amazing<\/span><\/u> <\/span>unity of spirit in Indian culture.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

4. The vitality of Indian culture is equally amazing<\/span><\/u>.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

5. Indian social custom is a blend<\/span><\/u> <\/span>of many different strains and elements.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

6. Culture is the efflorescence<\/span><\/u> <\/span>of civilization.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/o:p><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/o:p><\/p>\n

D.5. phrases :<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/o:p><\/p>\n

Read the lesson carefully and find out the sentences in which the following phrases have been used.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

1. A bland of second sentence<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

2. In Fact third sentence<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

3. At times fifth line<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

4. In spite of first line<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

5. On the countrary third line<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/o:p><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/o:p><\/p>\n

E. Grammar :<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/o:p><\/p>\n

Active and passive voice<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/o:p><\/p>\n

Ex1. Read the following sentences taken the lesson carefully .<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/o:p><\/b><\/p>\n

Ex.1.1. Now change the following sentences into passive voice.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

1. People loved Gandhiji <\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

= Gandhiji was loved by people.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/o:p><\/p>\n

2. Police caught the thief red- handed <\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

= The thief was caught red-handed by the police.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/o:p><\/p>\n

3. Thieves all the money all the money <\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

= was taken away by thieves.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/o:p><\/p>\n

4. Some one stole my watch <\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

= my watch was stolen by some one.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/o:p><\/p>\n

5.people think that the earth is round <\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

= The earth is round is the thinking of the people.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/o:p><\/p>\n

Ex.2. Read the sentences will be as :<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

1. I gave the boy of pen.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

2. Tom given me the money by Tom.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/o:p><\/p>\n

The passive form the two sentence will be as :<\/o:p><\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/o:p><\/i><\/p>\n

1.The boy was given up in by me .<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

2. I was given the moneyby Tom.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/o:p><\/p>\n

Ex.3. Look at the sentence given below and then do the exercise that follows :<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

(i) i am to do it [Active ] <\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

It is to be done by me [ passive ].<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/o:p><\/p>\n

(ii) Sonu has to give me money [Active ] <\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

I have to be given money by Sonu [ Passive ].<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/o:p><\/p>\n

Now change the following sentence into passive voice:<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/o:p><\/p>\n

1.my teacher has to teach me<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

= I have to be taught by my teacher.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/o:p><\/p>\n

2. Robin had to buy a car<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

= A car had to bought by Robin.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/o:p><\/p>\n

3. My father is to plant the tree <\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

= The tree is to be planted by my father.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/o:p><\/p>\n

4. Full have to save the forest <\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

= The forests have to be saved by people.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/o:p><\/p>\n

5. Who have to save the blind <\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

=The blind have to be saved by us.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/o:p><\/p>\n

6. Kamal kishor is to sing a song<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

= A song is to be sung by Kamal Kishore.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/o:p><\/p>\n

Ex. 4. Now study the sentences give below and then do the exercise .<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

(i) Who did it ?<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span>= By whom was it done .<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/o:p><\/p>\n

(ii) When do you take milk ? <\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

= When is milk taken by you .<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/o:p><\/p>\n

(iii) Do you sing a song ? <\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

= Is song sung by you .<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/o:p><\/p>\n

(iv) Help me<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span>= I may be helped .<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/o:p><\/p>\n

(V) Give me your book please <\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

= You are requested to give me your book please.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/o:p><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/o:p><\/p>\n

F. Activities :<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/o:p><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Q.1. Collect a few folk songs which the people of your community sing on different occasions.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Ans .<\/span><\/b> <\/span>There may be many Folk songs connected with \u2018sneakers\u2019 like :<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

1. Birth ceremony [ Chhathi ].<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

2. Upnayan [ Sacred thread caremony ].<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

3. Vivah [ Marriage Ceremony ] Folk songs connected with season like :<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

1. Holi , 2. Chaite, 3. Varsha me feet, 4. Greeshm Ritu ke feet.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/o:p><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/o:p><\/p>\n

Q.2. Write a short report on the preservation of the culture heritage of your state.<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Ans .<\/span><\/b> <\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

First of all and exhaustive list of cultural heritage sites in the state should be prepared. There are so many sites in Bihar .They are of historical importance and there are a few which are of culture importance too like old temples mosques, Curudwaras some buildings which are of arcuival value . The sites many be located under the guidance of the teacher and a report may be prepared on the information gathered. The information mean may be collected about articles in the book, magazines and journals or by visiting the sites.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/o:p><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/o:p><\/p>\n

G. TRANSLATION :<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/o:p><\/p>\n

Translate the following passage from the lesson into Hindi :<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Culture is the efflorescence of civilization .Civilization is the organisation of society which creates the condition of culture. There can ,therefore ,be no culture without civilization ,but there may be civilization which have not yet developed their culture . Perhaps what is more often case is that there are civilized people among whom only a small session have achieved the culture. We have, therefore, had and still have races and Nations that are civilised; but, except for India ,we have not it had any nation or phrase that could be regarded as cultured in all its sessions and classes ,for there in India culture is almost as extensive as civilization.<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

Ans .<\/span><\/b> <\/span>\u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0938\u092d\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0938\u092d\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0938\u092e\u093e\u091c \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u0939 \u0938\u094b\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915 \u092c\u0928\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0964\u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0938\u092d\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0917\u092e\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u0910\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0939\u0948 \u0964 \u0910\u0938\u093e \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0927\u093e \u092a\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u090f\u0915 \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u091c \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0932\u0918\u0941 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u090a\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0964 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0947\u0915 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0938\u092d\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0901\u0917\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0910\u0938\u093e \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0938\u092d\u094d\u092f \u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u092b\u0948\u0932\u093e\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0908 \u092a\u0921\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0964\u092d\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u092d\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0939\u0940 \u0906\u0917\u0947 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/o:p><\/p>\n

GLOSSARY AND NOTES<\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/o:p><\/p>\n

Invader (noun): \u0906\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0915\u0964 <\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

Barbrian (Adj): \u0905\u0938\u092e\u094d\u092f, \u092c\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0930\u0924\u093e\u0964 <\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

Astonish (verb): \u0906\u0936\u094d\u091a\u091a\u0930\u092f\u091a\u0915\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e \u0964 <\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

Cauldron (noun): \u0917\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0964 <\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

Vicissitude (noun): \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928, \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0964 <\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

Diversity (noun): \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u0924\u093e\u0964 <\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

Toleration (noun): \u0938\u0939\u0928\u0936\u0940\u0932\u0924\u093e\u0964 <\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

Vanquish (verb) : \u091c\u0940\u0924 \u0932\u0947\u0928\u093e\u0964 <\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

Fervent (Adj): \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0939\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0964 <\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

Fantastic (Adj): \u0939\u0920\u0927\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0964 <\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

Vitality (noun): \u091a\u0947\u0924\u0928\u093e, \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0964 <\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

Persecution (noun): \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0940\u0921\u093c\u0928 \u0964 <\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

Culture (noun): \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0964 <\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

Civilization (noun): \u0938\u092d\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e\u0964 <\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

Phenomenon (noun): \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e\u0964 <\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

Extensive (noun): \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930, \u092b\u0948\u0932\u093e\u0935\u0964 <\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

Premeated (verb): \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e, \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

EXERCISE   A. Work in small groups and discuss the following :   Q.1. Have you ever found people of<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[6],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/class10.studyguruji.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/78"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/class10.studyguruji.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/class10.studyguruji.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/class10.studyguruji.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/class10.studyguruji.in\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=78"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/class10.studyguruji.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/78\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":105,"href":"https:\/\/class10.studyguruji.in\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/78\/revisions\/105"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/class10.studyguruji.in\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=78"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/class10.studyguruji.in\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=78"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/class10.studyguruji.in\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=78"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}